The Radcliffe Infirmary
John Radcliffe left £4000 towards funding a hospital in Oxford, and a five-acre site in the fields of St Giles was donated by Thomas Rowney (MP for Oxford 1722–1759). The foundation stone was laid on 27 August 1761, the physicians and surgeons were elected on 13 September 1770, and the hospital opened on 18 October 1770, admitting seven patients to the two wards: Marlborough (male) and Litchfield (female).
By 1771 there were two more wards (Rowney and Frewin), and these four wards accommodated 68 patients. The hospital was funded by voluntary subscription, and those who subscribed more than £3 annually or who donated over £30 were allowed to be governors.
The doctors at the hospital were all themselves in private practice, and at first there was no prestige in being offered a post there: the doctors were doing their duty to the infirm poor. Originally the rules stated that there should be six physicians and four surgeons, but in 1796 the rules were changed so that "the number of prescribing physicians do not at any time exceed four".
The original staff of the Radcliffe Infirmary, appointed in 1770, was as follows:
Physicians
- John Kelly (the current Regius Professor of Medicine; never served)
- William Lewis (served to 1772)
- John Foulkes (resigned on the day the Infirmary opened)
- John Smith (served to 1782)
- William Vivian (served to 1795)
Surgeons
- John Hacker ("other avocations" prevented him from serving)
- Henry Towsey (served to 1811)
- John Grosvenor (served to 1817)
- Charles Nourse (served to 1780)